for teachers: lesson ideas
To Kill a Mockingbird: Chapter 1
Вы удивитесь, но настоящие живые книги можно читать с учениками без риска для вашего распланированного по минутам времени. Ведь зачастую мы и не догадываемся, как важно научить студентов не только читать тексты, которые не являются статьей или мини-рассказом, но и обдумать, проанализировать большой, глубокий, интересный материал. Теперь каждые две недели учителя, читающие этот блог, учатся придумывать задания на comprehensive reading и critical thinking, а также планировать свое время с умом.
Why to read?
... или 10 причин пользы чтения
Знающие учителя дают на чтение не только те тексты, что публикуются в стьюдент буках, но и аутентичный материал. Если статью или маленький рассказ легко прочитать и разобрать тут же на уроке, то настоящие живые книги зачастую так и остаются ни разу нетронутыми ни самим преподавателем, ни его студентами. А жаль. Для начала представляю вашему виманию вдохновляющую на чтение статью - вдохновите своих учеников парой-другой фактов, какой massive impact окажет на их мозг этот ваш reading.
У данной статьи есть меню в правом верхнем углу!
Аутентичный материал - словосочетание, которое всегда на устах у хорошего преподавателя. А вот вопрос: "Как бы сделать так, чтобы мы за учебный год прочитали одну-две книги в оригинале?" - осмелится задать себе не каждый. Вот и зря. После прочтения этой статьи вы поймете, что все реально. Самое главное распорядится правильно временем. Так что берите книгу, которую я подобрала для вас, как пример того, как все это может выглядеть на ваших занятиях, и в следующей раз, уже с выбранной вами книгой, вопросы на deep understanding будут литься у вас из-под "пера".
Introductory Lecture
В этом году я взяла с учениками произведение Харпер Ли "Убить пересмешника" и решила давать им по одной главе каждые две недели. Я считаю, время на чтение нужно рассчитывать индивидуально под каждого ученика, но также, по моему субъективному мнению, две недели - самый оптимальный и универсальный срок для новичков в таком виде деятельности. Если эти две недели приходятся на каникулы, можно давать две-три главы за раз. У-у-ух, да простят меня ваши ученики!
Вот вы решили читать целую книгу с вашими ребятами, а ребята-то в шоке. Ну ничего, привыкнут. Сразу скажите, чтобы они записали себе во все возможные места, что такого-то числа вы будете разбирать первую главу. С ребятами на индивидуальном обучении необходимо быть построже. Предупредите, что урок не состоится, если они не прочитают к назначенному времени эти несчастные несколько страниц. Напоминайте о предстоящем событии еще несколько занятий. А еще подзадорьте их, попросив завести отдельные блокнотики или папку в телефоне для слов по произведению и для их письменных работ, таких как summary или book review. А ведь еще у нас будет The Response Journal!
Перед тем, как все примутся за прочтение, дайте несколько наставлений, расскажите про самого автора или попросите самих учащихся подготовить несколько рефератов, приготовьте мини-вокабулярчики по главе в соответствии с уровнем. Обязательно скажите, что задача не переводить каждое слово, но понимать общий смысл. На данном этапе, конечно, лучше понимать смысл каждого абзаца: даже можно попросить писать по одному предложению-summary к каждому абзацу. Будет ли это дружеская рекомендация или обязательное задание - решать вам. Ниже немного из того, что вы можете рассказать ребятам о произведении и его авторе.
In 1993, when To Kill a Mockingbird had been in print for 33 years straight, author Harper Lee was asked to write an introduction to accompany a new anniversary edition of her Pulitzer Prize–winning book. She refused, on the grounds that as a reader she doesn't care for introductions. Sounding as matter-of- fact as Atticus and as spirited as Scout, Harper insists "Mockingbird still says what it has to say; it has managed to survive the years without preamble."
Indeed, Mockingbird still says what it has to say and says it gracefully, intelligently, and with a sly and sustained wit that tempers the lessons imparted by the book, enabling the novel to teach generation after generation the meaning of courage without ever feeling didactic. The characters that populate this novel, from the most minor to the most iconic, remain seared in the public imagination; Atticus reigns as the most noble parent ever brought to life, while Jean Louise—"Scout" to us all—is unforgettable as the precocious, scrappy narrator trying to make sense of the world. Like Scout, Lee was a tomboy in her own right who grew up in a small Alabama town that surely is reflected in the narrator's observations. Her father was an attorney and a member of the state legislature. And as much as Lee might protest, to completely remove To Kill a Mockingbird from the place and time of its birth would serve to cut the contemporary reader off from a critical moment in American history that critically informs the novel.
In the decade preceding the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird, racism was not only rampant but entrenched in the very fabric of society. The civil rights movement was just gaining momentum, with several landmark court cases helping turn the tide. In 1954, Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas launched the desegregation of public schools. The Montgomery Bus Boycott followed in 1955, prompted by Rosa Parks's famous refusal to give up her seat to a white man and her subsequent arrest. Yet that same year saw tragedy when fourteen-year-old Emmett Till was murdered for allegedly whistling at a white woman. In this case, however, instead of Tom Robinson's being convicted of a crime he didn't commit, the all-white jury lost no chance in freeing the two white men who had in fact, as history would prove, murdered a young black boy.
It is what has changed in these intervening years and what sorrowfully remains the same that comprises the core of the dynamic conversation readers still enjoy with Lee's classic. Set in the 1930s, during the searing tyranny of the Great Depression, Maycomb County has little room for compassion; thirty years later laws were changing, but resistance was strong and clear. Though the book was published during a time of great social change pivotal in our civil rights history, modern readers still probe the issues of fairness, justice, and the mutability of human nature with just as much interest and a very clear understanding of the horrors of bigotry. In short, cast through the prism of one small town, the story taps into the most universal truths inherent in our very humanity—innocence, corruption, prejudice, hatred, curiosity, fatalism, respect, courage, and compassion. She has wrapped this all in the gorgeously wrought language and exquisite precision of which only the best writers are capable, allowing Mockingbird to be examined and enjoyed on every level, from literary to legal, while remaining a work of extraordinary pathos and beauty.
Indeed, Mockingbird still says what it has to say and says it gracefully, intelligently, and with a sly and sustained wit that tempers the lessons imparted by the book, enabling the novel to teach generation after generation the meaning of courage without ever feeling didactic. The characters that populate this novel, from the most minor to the most iconic, remain seared in the public imagination; Atticus reigns as the most noble parent ever brought to life, while Jean Louise—"Scout" to us all—is unforgettable as the precocious, scrappy narrator trying to make sense of the world. Like Scout, Lee was a tomboy in her own right who grew up in a small Alabama town that surely is reflected in the narrator's observations. Her father was an attorney and a member of the state legislature. And as much as Lee might protest, to completely remove To Kill a Mockingbird from the place and time of its birth would serve to cut the contemporary reader off from a critical moment in American history that critically informs the novel.
In the decade preceding the publication of To Kill a Mockingbird, racism was not only rampant but entrenched in the very fabric of society. The civil rights movement was just gaining momentum, with several landmark court cases helping turn the tide. In 1954, Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas launched the desegregation of public schools. The Montgomery Bus Boycott followed in 1955, prompted by Rosa Parks's famous refusal to give up her seat to a white man and her subsequent arrest. Yet that same year saw tragedy when fourteen-year-old Emmett Till was murdered for allegedly whistling at a white woman. In this case, however, instead of Tom Robinson's being convicted of a crime he didn't commit, the all-white jury lost no chance in freeing the two white men who had in fact, as history would prove, murdered a young black boy.
It is what has changed in these intervening years and what sorrowfully remains the same that comprises the core of the dynamic conversation readers still enjoy with Lee's classic. Set in the 1930s, during the searing tyranny of the Great Depression, Maycomb County has little room for compassion; thirty years later laws were changing, but resistance was strong and clear. Though the book was published during a time of great social change pivotal in our civil rights history, modern readers still probe the issues of fairness, justice, and the mutability of human nature with just as much interest and a very clear understanding of the horrors of bigotry. In short, cast through the prism of one small town, the story taps into the most universal truths inherent in our very humanity—innocence, corruption, prejudice, hatred, curiosity, fatalism, respect, courage, and compassion. She has wrapped this all in the gorgeously wrought language and exquisite precision of which only the best writers are capable, allowing Mockingbird to be examined and enjoyed on every level, from literary to legal, while remaining a work of extraordinary pathos and beauty.
Analysis
Следующий список вы либо отдаете сразу перед чтением главы, либо объясняете те или иные явления по мере вашей дискуссии на занятии. Анализ на стилистику текста, если ваши студенты преимущественно филологи, лингвисты или даже журналисты, можете давать в виде домашнего задания. Тему конфликта можно представить отдельным вопросом, как пищу для размышления. Вот что примерно должно получиться.
Alliteration
One example of this is "the grass grew on the sidewalks, the courthouse sagged in the square."
Simile
This one is my favorite: "Ladies bathed before noon, after their three-o'clock naps, and by nightfall were like soft teacakes with frostings of sweat and sweet talcum."
Allusions
Andrew Jackson (1767 - 1845). A prominent American general and statesman and the 7th President of the United States. In 1802 Jackson was elected the major general of the Tennessee militia, which he later led during the War of 1812. His service in the war brought him national fame and led to his presidential campaign in 1824, which he lost to John Quincy Adams in what's known as the "corrupt bargain." In 1828, he defeated Adams and was elected President. Scout refers to him at the beginning of the novel both to segue into her family's history and to establish herself as an authoritative narrator.
Battle of Hastings. Fought on October 14th, 1066, between the armies of Duke William II of Normandy and Harold Godwinson, then King of the Anglo-Saxons, the Battle of Hastings marked the beginning of the Norman conquest of England. The battle was the result of a succession crisis following the death of King Edward of England and is considered one of the single most important battles in English history. That the Finches don't have any ancestors on either side of the battle is a source of some shame to some members of the family, but doesn't concern Scout very much.
Cornwall. An English county bordered by the Celtic Sea and the English Channel. Simon Finch was from Cornwall—a fact Scout mentions to indicate that he wasn't from a respectable family.
Creeks. In particular, the "Red Stick" Creeks, a faction of the larger Native American tribe that fought in the Creek War, also known as the Creek Civil War. Andrew Jackson fought in this war as general of the Tennessee militia. Were it not for this war, Scout says, her ancestor Simon never would've come to Alabama or founded Finch's Landing.
Dracula (1931). One of many film adaptations of the popular Bram Stoker novel of the same name. Dill tells Jem and Scout the entire plot of the film, including the part where Dracula turns to dust. Dill uses this information to impress Jem and Scout and earn entry into their group.
Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875 - 1950). An American writer best known for his creation of the character Tarzan. His works provide some of the source material for the dramas or plays the kids put on over the summer.
The Gray Ghost by Robert F. Schulkers. One of a series of eleven kids' books about the character Seckatary Hawkins, a fat boy with a big cowlick who relates the adventures of his group of friends. Lee was a fan of these books, and her characters share her appreciation of the series.
Methodists. Members of the Methodist denomination of the Protestant Church. Scout's ancestor, Simon, was a Methodist and fled Cornwall, England, to avoid persecution by the Catholic Church.
Oliver Optic (1822 - 1897). The pseudonym of scholar and writer William Taylor Adams, who published over 100 books for boys in his lifetime. Oliver Optic was the most often used of his many pseudonyms and was also the name of a periodical, Oliver Optic's Magazine, in which many of his works were published.
The Rover Boys. A series of popular books for boys by Arthur M. Winfield, a pseudonym of Edward Stratemeyer, publisher and founder of the Stratemeyer Syndicate, which published The Rover Boys series.
Tarzan. A series of book written by the author Edgar Rice Burroughs and featuring the popular character Tarzan. This series is a favorite of Scout, Jem, and Dill's.
Tom Swift. A series of popular books for boys centered around the character Tom Swift, who was created by publisher Edward Stratemeyer, the creator of The Rover Boys books series. Tom Swift books were written by many different ghostwriters, who wrote collectively under the name Victor Appleton.
Victor Appleton. The pseudonym used by the collective of writers who produced the Tom Swift series.
Conflict
Maycomb vs. the Radleys. Maycomb's gossip mill has not been kind to the Radleys, and in particular to Boo Radley, whose juvenile arrest record, violent tendencies, and seeming imprisonment have become the subject of much discussion, particularly amongst the children. Maycomb's youth has built up the very idea of Boo Radley to the point of being monstrous, so even though none of them have met Boo, they all fear him. When pets start dying, everyone suspects the Radleys, which is a good indication of how suspicious Maycomb's citizens are of the reclusive family.
Scout vs. Calpurnia. One of the more innocuous major conflicts in the novel is that between Scout and Calpurnia, the Finches' stern, hard-handed servant. Calpurnia is the primary disciplinarian in the house, charged with keeping the peace, teaching the children about good manners, and making sure they stay out of trouble. In part because of this, and in part because Scout doesn't like rules in general and lost her female role model (her mother) early, her relationship with Calpurnia is strained. She doesn't like being told to be quiet or to act like a girl, and Calpurnia, despite her obvious affection for the Finch children, can't replace their mother. Scout and Calpurnia will eventually come to a kind of truce, but in these early chapters, when Scout has yet to mature, there's still some conflict.
Foreshadowing
In the first few paragraphs, Scout foreshadows the events that lead to Jem breaking his arm. This doesn't happen until the end of the novel, which makes the entire novel a lead-up to that event.
Idioms
One example of this would be the idiom "up the creek," which means in an awkward position. In Scout's version of Simon Finch's story, General Jackson pushes the Native American Creek tribe "up the creek," meaning that he'd driven them into a bad position.
Puns
Scout puns on the word "creek" and the Native American tribe the Creeks.
Themes
Friendship. Friendship is one of the most important themes in the novel. It's established early with the arrival of Dill, a little boy going on seven years old who becomes Scout and Jem's best friend in the first chapter. Dill is something of a joker, a teller of tall-tales and player of games, and even dares Jem to touch Boo Radley's house. Their friendship provides some much-needed levity to an otherwise serious novel and helps bind the Finch children together even as they develop different interests.
Gossip. Maycomb seems to thrive on gossip. In this chapter, the gossip is focused mainly on the Radleys, who, thanks in part to their son Boo, have become outcasts, feared for their strange behavior and unpleasant history. The Radleys themselves don't participate in the town gossip mill, which only distances them further from the rest of the community.
Law. It's established early in the narrative that Atticus went to study law in Montgomery and that he is a remarkably good lawyer (perhaps too good for a small town like Maycomb). He's a member of the State Legislature and appears to be the most prominent lawyer in Maycomb. Later, we'll see how the respect Atticus merits as a lawyer leads to his involvement in the Tom Robinson case.
Nature. When the Finch children aren't inside reading with Atticus, they're outside playing in nature. It's customary for them to spend time climbing trees, swimming in the creek, and playing in the dirt, which makes nature an important part of their lives. Later on in the novel, the oppressive summer heat will become a character in itself as it affects Tom Robinson's trial.
Superstition. Superstition is another major theme in the novel, though it primarily affects the children. Jem and Scout have a lot of strange superstitions, mostly about death, ghosts, and the Radley place, which is figured almost like a haunted house, with shadows moving in the windows. Their superstitions make it difficult for them to understand Boo Radley at first and contribute to their fear.
One example of this is "the grass grew on the sidewalks, the courthouse sagged in the square."
Simile
This one is my favorite: "Ladies bathed before noon, after their three-o'clock naps, and by nightfall were like soft teacakes with frostings of sweat and sweet talcum."
Allusions
Andrew Jackson (1767 - 1845). A prominent American general and statesman and the 7th President of the United States. In 1802 Jackson was elected the major general of the Tennessee militia, which he later led during the War of 1812. His service in the war brought him national fame and led to his presidential campaign in 1824, which he lost to John Quincy Adams in what's known as the "corrupt bargain." In 1828, he defeated Adams and was elected President. Scout refers to him at the beginning of the novel both to segue into her family's history and to establish herself as an authoritative narrator.
Battle of Hastings. Fought on October 14th, 1066, between the armies of Duke William II of Normandy and Harold Godwinson, then King of the Anglo-Saxons, the Battle of Hastings marked the beginning of the Norman conquest of England. The battle was the result of a succession crisis following the death of King Edward of England and is considered one of the single most important battles in English history. That the Finches don't have any ancestors on either side of the battle is a source of some shame to some members of the family, but doesn't concern Scout very much.
Cornwall. An English county bordered by the Celtic Sea and the English Channel. Simon Finch was from Cornwall—a fact Scout mentions to indicate that he wasn't from a respectable family.
Creeks. In particular, the "Red Stick" Creeks, a faction of the larger Native American tribe that fought in the Creek War, also known as the Creek Civil War. Andrew Jackson fought in this war as general of the Tennessee militia. Were it not for this war, Scout says, her ancestor Simon never would've come to Alabama or founded Finch's Landing.
Dracula (1931). One of many film adaptations of the popular Bram Stoker novel of the same name. Dill tells Jem and Scout the entire plot of the film, including the part where Dracula turns to dust. Dill uses this information to impress Jem and Scout and earn entry into their group.
Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875 - 1950). An American writer best known for his creation of the character Tarzan. His works provide some of the source material for the dramas or plays the kids put on over the summer.
The Gray Ghost by Robert F. Schulkers. One of a series of eleven kids' books about the character Seckatary Hawkins, a fat boy with a big cowlick who relates the adventures of his group of friends. Lee was a fan of these books, and her characters share her appreciation of the series.
Methodists. Members of the Methodist denomination of the Protestant Church. Scout's ancestor, Simon, was a Methodist and fled Cornwall, England, to avoid persecution by the Catholic Church.
Oliver Optic (1822 - 1897). The pseudonym of scholar and writer William Taylor Adams, who published over 100 books for boys in his lifetime. Oliver Optic was the most often used of his many pseudonyms and was also the name of a periodical, Oliver Optic's Magazine, in which many of his works were published.
The Rover Boys. A series of popular books for boys by Arthur M. Winfield, a pseudonym of Edward Stratemeyer, publisher and founder of the Stratemeyer Syndicate, which published The Rover Boys series.
Tarzan. A series of book written by the author Edgar Rice Burroughs and featuring the popular character Tarzan. This series is a favorite of Scout, Jem, and Dill's.
Tom Swift. A series of popular books for boys centered around the character Tom Swift, who was created by publisher Edward Stratemeyer, the creator of The Rover Boys books series. Tom Swift books were written by many different ghostwriters, who wrote collectively under the name Victor Appleton.
Victor Appleton. The pseudonym used by the collective of writers who produced the Tom Swift series.
Conflict
Maycomb vs. the Radleys. Maycomb's gossip mill has not been kind to the Radleys, and in particular to Boo Radley, whose juvenile arrest record, violent tendencies, and seeming imprisonment have become the subject of much discussion, particularly amongst the children. Maycomb's youth has built up the very idea of Boo Radley to the point of being monstrous, so even though none of them have met Boo, they all fear him. When pets start dying, everyone suspects the Radleys, which is a good indication of how suspicious Maycomb's citizens are of the reclusive family.
Scout vs. Calpurnia. One of the more innocuous major conflicts in the novel is that between Scout and Calpurnia, the Finches' stern, hard-handed servant. Calpurnia is the primary disciplinarian in the house, charged with keeping the peace, teaching the children about good manners, and making sure they stay out of trouble. In part because of this, and in part because Scout doesn't like rules in general and lost her female role model (her mother) early, her relationship with Calpurnia is strained. She doesn't like being told to be quiet or to act like a girl, and Calpurnia, despite her obvious affection for the Finch children, can't replace their mother. Scout and Calpurnia will eventually come to a kind of truce, but in these early chapters, when Scout has yet to mature, there's still some conflict.
Foreshadowing
In the first few paragraphs, Scout foreshadows the events that lead to Jem breaking his arm. This doesn't happen until the end of the novel, which makes the entire novel a lead-up to that event.
Idioms
One example of this would be the idiom "up the creek," which means in an awkward position. In Scout's version of Simon Finch's story, General Jackson pushes the Native American Creek tribe "up the creek," meaning that he'd driven them into a bad position.
Puns
Scout puns on the word "creek" and the Native American tribe the Creeks.
Themes
Friendship. Friendship is one of the most important themes in the novel. It's established early with the arrival of Dill, a little boy going on seven years old who becomes Scout and Jem's best friend in the first chapter. Dill is something of a joker, a teller of tall-tales and player of games, and even dares Jem to touch Boo Radley's house. Their friendship provides some much-needed levity to an otherwise serious novel and helps bind the Finch children together even as they develop different interests.
Gossip. Maycomb seems to thrive on gossip. In this chapter, the gossip is focused mainly on the Radleys, who, thanks in part to their son Boo, have become outcasts, feared for their strange behavior and unpleasant history. The Radleys themselves don't participate in the town gossip mill, which only distances them further from the rest of the community.
Law. It's established early in the narrative that Atticus went to study law in Montgomery and that he is a remarkably good lawyer (perhaps too good for a small town like Maycomb). He's a member of the State Legislature and appears to be the most prominent lawyer in Maycomb. Later, we'll see how the respect Atticus merits as a lawyer leads to his involvement in the Tom Robinson case.
Nature. When the Finch children aren't inside reading with Atticus, they're outside playing in nature. It's customary for them to spend time climbing trees, swimming in the creek, and playing in the dirt, which makes nature an important part of their lives. Later on in the novel, the oppressive summer heat will become a character in itself as it affects Tom Robinson's trial.
Superstition. Superstition is another major theme in the novel, though it primarily affects the children. Jem and Scout have a lot of strange superstitions, mostly about death, ghosts, and the Radley place, which is figured almost like a haunted house, with shadows moving in the windows. Their superstitions make it difficult for them to understand Boo Radley at first and contribute to their fear.
Vocabulary
Даже если вы уже читали это произведение, все равно перед занятиями придется освежать его в памяти. Только теперь ваша задача читать каждую главу, представляя, будто вы сами учащийся. Во время чтения, думайте, какие вопросы могут возникнуть у студентов того или иного возраста и уровня, что может быть непонятным. Для заданий на лексику можете включать свое воображение сколько вздумается. Ниже мой минимум.
I. Match words 1-10 with meanings A-J.
1. apothecary
2. assuaged
3. beadle
4. chattel
5. dictum
6. flivver
7. piety
8. predilection
9. quaint
10. taciturn
A. property, slaves
B. fondness
C. druggist
D. religious devotion
E. a pronouncement
F. a church official who preserves order
G. unusual but charming; old-fashioned
H. relieved
I. a small car
J. uncommunicative
Answers: 4 - A; 8 - B; 1 - C; 7 - D; 5 - E; 3 - F; 9 - G; 2 - H; 6 - I; 10 - J
II. Express in own words
...who was four years my senior...
...she was fifteen years his junior...
...to settle an argument with a fist-fight...
...behave for days on end...
...it drew him as the moon draws water...
...nobody had nerve enough to tell him...
...Mr.Radley's word was his bond...
...he loved honor more than his head...
1. apothecary
2. assuaged
3. beadle
4. chattel
5. dictum
6. flivver
7. piety
8. predilection
9. quaint
10. taciturn
A. property, slaves
B. fondness
C. druggist
D. religious devotion
E. a pronouncement
F. a church official who preserves order
G. unusual but charming; old-fashioned
H. relieved
I. a small car
J. uncommunicative
Answers: 4 - A; 8 - B; 1 - C; 7 - D; 5 - E; 3 - F; 9 - G; 2 - H; 6 - I; 10 - J
II. Express in own words
...who was four years my senior...
...she was fifteen years his junior...
...to settle an argument with a fist-fight...
...behave for days on end...
...it drew him as the moon draws water...
...nobody had nerve enough to tell him...
...Mr.Radley's word was his bond...
...he loved honor more than his head...
Short quizzes to assess reading comprehension
Могут быть представлены учащимся в роли pre-reading или post-reading activity, в зависимости от ваших целей и задач.
1. What started the chain of events leading to Jem's breaking his arm, according to Jem? Who started it according to Scout?
2. We know that the setting of this story will be Maycomb, Alabama, a sleepy Southern town that's a little rough around the edges. What is the time period of this story? Give evidence to support your conclusion about the time period of this novel.
3. Our narrator is Scout, a girl who will grow from age 6 to almost 9 during the story. What do you suppose we, as the readers, should be aware of as we listen to Scout tell her story? Is a child a reliable or unreliable narrator?? Defend your answer.
4. Dill, the children's neighbor during the summer, is described as "a pocket Merlin, whose head teemed with eccentric plans, strange longings, and quaint fancies." What does this mean?
5. Jem and Scout call their father by his frst name, Atticus, instead of calling him "Dad" or "Daddy." What does this tell you about their relationship?
6. What has Dill done that earns him Jem's respect?
7. What do both Scout and Dill lack?
8. What does Charles Baker Harris proclaim he can do when introducing himself to Scout and Jem?
9. Describe the Radley place. How does this description set the mood?
10. Who were the Cunningham boys and what happened to them? What's the irony here?
11. What do the Radleys do that Maycomb citizens find unacceptable? Why is this frowned upon?
12. How does Boo come to be shut in his house? Who is the primary source of information about Boo for the children?
13. How does Jem describe Boo to Scout?
14. What is the first animal to which Boo is compared and why?
15. According to Jem, how do you get a turtle to come out of its shell? In what way might this idea be an apt parallel to get people to do what they don't want to do? Give an real-world example to support your answer.
2. We know that the setting of this story will be Maycomb, Alabama, a sleepy Southern town that's a little rough around the edges. What is the time period of this story? Give evidence to support your conclusion about the time period of this novel.
3. Our narrator is Scout, a girl who will grow from age 6 to almost 9 during the story. What do you suppose we, as the readers, should be aware of as we listen to Scout tell her story? Is a child a reliable or unreliable narrator?? Defend your answer.
4. Dill, the children's neighbor during the summer, is described as "a pocket Merlin, whose head teemed with eccentric plans, strange longings, and quaint fancies." What does this mean?
5. Jem and Scout call their father by his frst name, Atticus, instead of calling him "Dad" or "Daddy." What does this tell you about their relationship?
6. What has Dill done that earns him Jem's respect?
7. What do both Scout and Dill lack?
8. What does Charles Baker Harris proclaim he can do when introducing himself to Scout and Jem?
9. Describe the Radley place. How does this description set the mood?
10. Who were the Cunningham boys and what happened to them? What's the irony here?
11. What do the Radleys do that Maycomb citizens find unacceptable? Why is this frowned upon?
12. How does Boo come to be shut in his house? Who is the primary source of information about Boo for the children?
13. How does Jem describe Boo to Scout?
14. What is the first animal to which Boo is compared and why?
15. According to Jem, how do you get a turtle to come out of its shell? In what way might this idea be an apt parallel to get people to do what they don't want to do? Give an real-world example to support your answer.
Ключи ко всем заданиям появятся в следующей статье к Chapter 2
Short-Answer Quizzes
1. Describe Calpurnia as Scout depicts her in Chapter 1.
2. What does Dill dare Jem to do?
3. What events led to Arthur's being shut into the house?
4. Pretend you are writing a description of Maycomb for a travel magazine of the 1930s. Describe the town in detail.
5. The townspeople of Maycomb have some fears and superstitions about the Radley Place. Describe these fears and superstitions.
6. Whose idea was it to make Boo come out of the house?
7. How important is bravery to Jem?
8. Mr. Connor is described as "Maycomb's ancient beadle." What is a beadle?
9. What goal do the children plan to achieve before the end of the summer?
10. Describe some of the customs of the town of Maycomb.
2. What does Dill dare Jem to do?
3. What events led to Arthur's being shut into the house?
4. Pretend you are writing a description of Maycomb for a travel magazine of the 1930s. Describe the town in detail.
5. The townspeople of Maycomb have some fears and superstitions about the Radley Place. Describe these fears and superstitions.
6. Whose idea was it to make Boo come out of the house?
7. How important is bravery to Jem?
8. Mr. Connor is described as "Maycomb's ancient beadle." What is a beadle?
9. What goal do the children plan to achieve before the end of the summer?
10. Describe some of the customs of the town of Maycomb.
The Response Journal
Для письменных заданий учащимся предлагается вести отдельную тетрадь, как RJ, который поможет им лучше понять прочитанное, обратить внимание на факты, которые они возможно не замечали. Одни вопросы обратят их напрямую к тексту, другие же помогут порефлексировать над собственным экспириенсом.
- As the novel begins, how does the author capture your interest? What do you want to know after reading the first three paragraphs?
- The narrator remembers Maycomb, Alabama, as "a tired old town." What is your impression of Maycomb, based on her detailed description of it? How is life in Maycomb in the 1930s different from life in a small town today?
- Describe the narrator's immediate family. What information does she relate about Atticus and Jem? Who is Calpurnia? What role does she play in the narrator's family?
- Why are the children so fascinated by Boo Radley? How do their beliefs about Boo differ from the reality of Boo's life and personal history?
- Who is Dill? Describe his physical appearance and personality. Why do Jem and the narrator like him so much?
- How do the children entertain themselves throughout the summer? Do any of their activities remind you of your own childhood? If so, how?
- Explain how the author introduces elements of humor and elements of tragedy into the story as the novel begins.
- What do you think about the narrator's personality so far? What kind of person is the narrator revealed to be?
S for Summary
Очень здорово, если вы заставляете просите своих пташек писать саммери по прочитанному материалу. Сильнейшее умение при изучении языка. Это помогает сконцентрироваться на основной идее, выявить ее и продемонстрировать собственными словами. Причем саммери можно писать не только по книге, но по лекции, подкасту, фильму. Самое главное, это не интерпретация материала, но основанный на фактах сгусток мысли. Примерное саммери, представленное ниже, предлагаю показать студентам после того, как вы проанализируете их собственные работы. Таким образом, к середине книги ваши ребята будут асы в написании таких штук.
The novel opens with the narrator, Jean Louise "Scout" Finch, relating that when her brother Jem was thirteen he broke his arm badly at the elbow. Scout withholds the exact cause of his accident, transitioning instead to her memories of the events leading up to Jem's injury and their childhood in Maycomb, Alabama in the 1930s. Scout tells the story as an adult, but within the narrative she is a little girl who's just six years old at the beginning of the novel and eight years old at the end. Scout has been thinking about the story ever since, and even though she and her brother disagree about where exactly the story begins, Scout takes it all the way back to General Andrew Jackson, whose war against the Creek Tribe led Scout's ancestor, Simon Finch, to sail to Alabama, where he established a homestead, Finch's Landing, and grew rich on slave labor. The Civil War altered the family's fortunes, but still left them solidly upper middle class. Atticus became a lawyer, and his brother became a doctor.
Scout introduces us to Maycomb, "a tired old town" where people shuffle around with nothing to do, and to Calpurnia, her family's servant, an African American woman with a hand as "wide as a bed slat and twice as hard." Calpurnia is the disciplinarian in their household, the female figure who picks up the slack left behind by Scout's mother, who died when she was two. Scout doesn't remember her mother, but Jem does, and this sometimes affects their relationship. In the summer, the Finch children are bounded by Mrs. Dubose's house two doors to the north and by the Radley house three doors to the south when they're outside playing. This suits them fine, and they spend most of their days playing together just the two of them, having no friends their age living within that radius. That is, until Dill arrives.
Charles Baker "Dill" Harris is from Meridian, Mississippi, and is visiting his Aunt Rachel for the summer. His arrival sparks renewed fascination with the Radley house and the stories circulating about it around Maycomb. According to one of them, Boo Radley, Mr. Radley's son, was caught making trouble one night with his friends the Cunninghams when they locked Maycomb's beadle in the courthouse outhouse. As punishment, Boo's friends were sent to the state industrial school. Boo himself stayed home and hasn't been seen since. Jem says that when Boo was thirty-three he plunged a pair of scissors into his father's leg one day for no good reason. Mr. Radley had simply been walking by, and Boo stabbed him. When the police came, he was just sitting there, working on his scrapbook as if nothing had happened. This story scares the kids and makes them reluctant to pass the Radley house. Even after Mr. Radley dies and is replaced by Boo's older brother, Mr. Nathan Radley, the kids fear the house enough to feel the need to run past it as fast as possible.
In fact, the kids are scared enough that when Dill dares Jem to touch the house, at first he doesn't want to do it. Dill has to goad him into it, and even then, Jem does it at top speed, running up and slapping the side of the Radley house before sprinting back to his own porch. The kids think they see a shutter move inside the Radley house, but then everything goes still.
Scout introduces us to Maycomb, "a tired old town" where people shuffle around with nothing to do, and to Calpurnia, her family's servant, an African American woman with a hand as "wide as a bed slat and twice as hard." Calpurnia is the disciplinarian in their household, the female figure who picks up the slack left behind by Scout's mother, who died when she was two. Scout doesn't remember her mother, but Jem does, and this sometimes affects their relationship. In the summer, the Finch children are bounded by Mrs. Dubose's house two doors to the north and by the Radley house three doors to the south when they're outside playing. This suits them fine, and they spend most of their days playing together just the two of them, having no friends their age living within that radius. That is, until Dill arrives.
Charles Baker "Dill" Harris is from Meridian, Mississippi, and is visiting his Aunt Rachel for the summer. His arrival sparks renewed fascination with the Radley house and the stories circulating about it around Maycomb. According to one of them, Boo Radley, Mr. Radley's son, was caught making trouble one night with his friends the Cunninghams when they locked Maycomb's beadle in the courthouse outhouse. As punishment, Boo's friends were sent to the state industrial school. Boo himself stayed home and hasn't been seen since. Jem says that when Boo was thirty-three he plunged a pair of scissors into his father's leg one day for no good reason. Mr. Radley had simply been walking by, and Boo stabbed him. When the police came, he was just sitting there, working on his scrapbook as if nothing had happened. This story scares the kids and makes them reluctant to pass the Radley house. Even after Mr. Radley dies and is replaced by Boo's older brother, Mr. Nathan Radley, the kids fear the house enough to feel the need to run past it as fast as possible.
In fact, the kids are scared enough that when Dill dares Jem to touch the house, at first he doesn't want to do it. Dill has to goad him into it, and even then, Jem does it at top speed, running up and slapping the side of the Radley house before sprinting back to his own porch. The kids think they see a shutter move inside the Radley house, but then everything goes still.
Suggested Essay Topics
1. Describe Boo Radley, through the eyes of Jem and Scout Finch. Discuss his habits, his appearance, and his actions.
2. After defining the words "Caste" and "Class," describe the caste and class system in Maycomb. Do you think such a system would still exist in the town today? Why, or why not?
2. After defining the words "Caste" and "Class," describe the caste and class system in Maycomb. Do you think such a system would still exist in the town today? Why, or why not?
Вот такой интересный урок может получится, если взять данный lesson plan за пример. Посредством таких двухнедельных чтений в канву урока вы также сможете вплести тему написания эссе, book review и summary. Я уверена, что с такими заданиями вы поможете пережить своим учащимся нечто новое на ваших занятиях.
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